Animal-to-Animal Variability in Neuromodulation and Circuit Function

Animal-to-animal variability in motor pattern production in adults and during growth.

Which features of network output are well preserved during growth of the nervous system and across different preparations of the same size? To address this issue, we characterized the pyloric rhythms generated by the stomatogastric nervous systems of 99 adult and 12 juvenile lobsters (Homarus americanus). Anatomical studies of single pyloric network neurons and of the whole stomatogastric gangl...

Animal-to-animal variability in the phasing of the crustacean cardiac motor pattern: an

40 The cardiac ganglion (CG) of Homarus americanus is a central pattern generator (CPG) that 41 consists of two oscillatory groups of neurons: the “small cells” (SCs) and the “large cells” (LCs). 42 We show that the SCs and LCs begin their bursts nearly simultaneously, but end their bursts at 43 variable phases. This variability contrasts with many other CPG systems in which phase is well44 mai...

Animal-to-animal variability of connection strength in the leech heartbeat central pattern generator.

The heartbeat central pattern generator (CPG) in medicinal leeches controls blood flow within a closed circulatory by programming the constrictions of two parallel heart tubes. This circuit reliably produces a stereotyped fictive pattern of activity and has been extensively characterized. Here we determined, as quantitatively as possible, the strength of each inhibitory synapse and electrical j...

Nutrigenomics and its Applications in Animal Science

Nutrigenomics applies genomic technologies to study how nutrients affect expression of genes. With the advent of the post genomic era and with the use of functional genomic tools, the new strategies for evaluating the effects of nutrition on production efficiency and nutrient utilization are becoming available. Nutrigenomics plays an efficient role in various fields of animal health like nutrit...

Animal Mycoplasmosis in Iran